100+ features of Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart, Part 11: Important features of varieties of symbols
100+ features of Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart, Part 11: Important features of varieties of symbols
1. Energy unit
Energies from gamma are in keV.
Energies from particles in MeV.
βmax energy for β particles. Multiple βmax values for multiple energies.
2. Multiple energy, how are they arranged,
3. Hidden information on Intensity
Energies (both gamma and particles) are arranged with higher to lower transition probabilities (I).
1173 keV has intensity of 99.85%
Hence, 1332 appears first then 1173.
Same is the case of β- also.
0.3 (99.88%) and 1.5 MeV (0.12%) .
4. Isomeric transition (IT)
60mCo decays with half life of 10.467m.
It decays by both IT, CE and β- followd by γ.
Sequence of decay mode tells about intensity.
IT: 2.07%, Eγ : 59 keV.
CE: I(CE) = 97% approx, α(T)= 47 (i.e. 97/2.07), More than 1 means deexicitaion by CE is preferred over γ deexcitaion.
β- (0.25%)
5. β-...
... after β- means, sum of their branching ratios is less than 1%.
6. γ (Eγ...)
... after Eγ means, the gamma transition intensities are less than 1%. The highest intensity gamma energy (here 0.25%), is at 1332 keV.
7. Electron capture
No energy is mentioned for Electron capture, only ε is mentioned if more probable than β+ decay.
Even if the intensity is less than 1%, atleast one energy is given. Energy is presented in (bracket) for gamma. For particles no bracket is used.
8. β+
Energy information is given in the chart
9. βt
This indicates that there a beta delayed emission of tritium.
10. Gamma with an asterisk*
Energy of gamma with an asterisk (*) denotes that the gamma transitions happens after β delayed particle emission e.g. β → n → γ.
11. Gamma with range
If Eγ is mentioned in range, it means that there are several gamma energies with unknown transition probabilities (Iγ).
12. Other energies with range
13. Delayed neutron energy
0.02 and the 0.05MeV are the two most probable neutron energies of 87Br.
14. Approx intensity of a decay (transition) mode
It can be obtained roughly from the proportion of color for a nuclide.
15. Conversion electron
Conversion electron is quoted without energy if probability is more than gamma transition.
16. Pure EC
Fe55 does not have gamma. 'no γ' is mentioned in the chart to confirm that, It decays to ground state by EC.
17. g in chart
18. m, g both in chart
Cs 137 ground state decays directly to the excited (i.e. m) and ground state (g) of the daughter Ba 137.
Since m appears first, means decay to the isomeric state has a higher branching ratio (i.e. 94%). Decay to g stage has branching ratio of 5.6%.
19. Fission yield
Chain yield (%) for the thermal neutron fission of U 235
(above) and Pu 239 (below) are mentioned on the arrowed line.
Read other posts of this website
100+ facts about of Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart, Part 1
100+ facts about of Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart, Part 2
100+ facts about of Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart, Part 3
100+ facts about of Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart, Part 4
100+ facts about of Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart, Part 5
100+ facts about of Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart, Part 6
100+ facts about of Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart, Part 7
100+ facts about of Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart, Part 8
100+ facts about of Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart, Part 9
100+ facts about of Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart, Part 10
100+ facts about of Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart, Part 11
100+ facts about of Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart, Part 12
100+ facts about of Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart, Part 13
Reference
All are highlighted in text.
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