Subatomic particles and classification, which particles are fundamental particles?

All particles are categorized into two groups based on their spin and statistical behavior:

• Fermions

• Bosons

Fermions:

• Possess half-integer spin (e.g., 1/2, 3/2, 5/2)

• Follow Fermi-Dirac statistics

• Obey the Pauli exclusion principle (no two identical fermions can occupy the same quantum state)

Bosons:

• Possess integer spin (e.g., 0, 1, 2)

• Follow Bose-Einstein statistics

• Do not obey the Pauli exclusion principle (multiple bosons can occupy the same quantum state)

Hadrons are classified based on their spin:

• Baryons → Have half-integer spin (e.g., 1/2, 3/2) 
• Mesons → Have integer spin (e.g., 0, 1)

Following particles are fundamental particles

• Leptons
• Bosons
• Quarks

However, hadrons are not fundamental but composite particles. 

In single bracket, we can see the actual meaning / origin of the word from Greek language. Like Meson means intermediate because, Yukawa predicted the mass of meson between electron and proton i.e. about 1836 times of an electron.  

Properties of the particles of Standard model can be seen in the following image.  

In future post we shall understand how each and every elementary particles were discovered. 

Reference

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